After the legalization of cannabidiol (CBD) from the 2018 Farm Bill, it became easier to conduct scientific research con cannabis. [1] CBD has been promoted as an anti-inflammatory, anti-anxiety, and possible sleep aid. In addition to these potential health benefits CBD have been recently shown to play a role in enhancing neurogenesis.
What is Neurogenesis, and Why does it Matter?
Neurogenesis is the brain’s ability to form new neurons and neuropathways. [2] Most neurogenesis happens during embryonic development when stem cells form into specific parts of the brain. In the 1990s, adult neurogenesis proved to be a normal and health aspect of adult brain development as well. [3] For adults, neurogenesis has been shown to occur in 3 places within the brain: the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the subventricular zone (SVZ).
CBD and Neurogenesis
In a 2021 study, cannabis was shown to have a link to increased neurogenesis. [4] Previous experiments found that small doses of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can stimulate neurogenesis in rats, as CBD does.[5][6] It should be noticed that THC leads to cognitive impairment at large dosages while large chronic dosages of CBD result in no effects on neurogenesis. The behavior of CBD can be explained by the desensitivization of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) receptors which became not able anymore to promote neurogenesis after high repeated CBD doses. [4]
CBD could be aple to Adult neurogenesis is linked to multiple psychological and neurological disorders. [7] For some, CBD may be a potential effective solution for dealing with depression and anxiety. For others, it may mean limiting cognitive decline with age through stimulating memory retention. In severe cases, CBD promoted-increased neurogenesis may prove effective against Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, or other neurological disorders. If CBD will be able to accomplish this without the cognitive decline associated with higher doses of THC, there is a very realistic opportunity that a new division of pharmacology with CBD based medication will appear. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies should be done in order to assess and proof the efficacy of this plant-derived compound in the neurogenesis increase.
References:
[1] Food and Drug Administration. (2019, July 24). Hemp Production and the 2018 Farm Bill. In https://www.fda.gov/news-events/congressional-testimony/hemp-production-and-2018-farm-bill-07252019. FDA.gov. Retrieved September 29, 2022, from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/congressional-testimony/hemp-production-and-2018-farm-bill-07252019
[2] The University of Queensland. (n.d.). What is neurogenesis? The University of Queensland, Australia. Retrieved September 29, 2022, from https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain-basics/brain-physiology/whatneurogenesis#:~:text=Neurogenesis%20is%20the%20process%20by,birth%20and%20throughout%20our%20lifespan
[3] Saharan, S., Jhaveri, D. J., & Bartlett, P. F. (2013, February 13). SIRT1 regulates the neurogenic potential of neural precursors in the adult subventricular zone and hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 91(5), 642–659. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.23199. [Journal impact factor = 4.164] [Times cited = 90]
[4] Valeri A, Mazzon E. Cannabinoids and Neurogenesis: The Promised Solution for Neurodegeneration? Molecules. 2021 Oct 19;26(20):6313. doi: 10.3390/molecules26206313. [Journal impact factor = 4.927] [Times cited = 3]
[5] Suliman, N. A., Taib, C. N. M., Moklas, M. A. M., & Basir, R. (2017, September 21). Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) Induce Neurogenesis and Improve Cognitive Performances of Male Sprague Dawley Rats. Neurotoxicity Research, 33(2), 402–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-017-9806-x. [Journal impact factor = 3.911] [Times cited = 45]
[6] Schiavon AP, Bonato JM, Milani H, GuimarĂ£es FS, Weffort de Oliveira RM. Influence of single and repeated cannabidiol administration on emotional behavior and markers of cell proliferation and neurogenesis in non-stressed mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2016 Jan 4;64:27-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.06.017. [Journal impact factor = 4.88] [Times cited = 105]
[7] Zhao, C., Deng, W., & Gage, F. H. (2008, February). Mechanisms and Functional Implications of Adult Neurogenesis. Cell, 132(4), 645–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.033. [Journal impact factor = 41.582] [Times cited = 3494]
Image: https://www.maxpixel.net/Cerebrum-Biology-Brain-Anatomy-Abstract-Science-951847
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